LESSON X
– Angles – member of a West Germanic people that migrated to Britain in the 5th century A.D
Mutual excommunication!
– Mendicant friar – beggar brother
– Secularization not as a marginalization of religion, but as the evolution of the church in relation to culture.
– Assisi – map – Italy
– Mount Carmel – map – Israel
– Albigensian heresy – Catharism (pure ones) – Christian dualist/gnostic sect – southern France & Northen Italy
– Guild
– Tension in monasticism:
Contemplation/mysticism/individual holiness
Vs.
Ministry/reform/social work
Where does the academy/theology/university figure here?
– St. Augustine & Thomas Aquinas – refer articles
– Even Luther was standing on the shoulders of many other giants gone before him, who were too ahead of their times to succeed in their mission, but they became the ones who prepared the world for someone like Luther……
– Curia Romana – the body of congregations, offices, permanent commissions, etc., that assist the pope in the government and administration of the church.
– Benefice
Rector
Curate
Vicar
– Vatican City is present within Rome
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LESSON XI
– Rise of city-states
– Secularization – church-state separation
– The early/biblical/NT/Pentecostal/Apostolic Church
– Neither heavenly nor worldly, but spiritual!
– Popes as king-makers!
– Public morality
– Defending individual freedoms in such a way that public morality is not offended, and protecting the common good in such a way that human rights are not violated.
– Society = individuals + the people + institutions + culture/traditions + environment
– Internationalism
– Ecclesiastical democracy
– Almost all progress in the world has come from rebels/heretics/liberals!
– Proto-Protestants
– Authority – Pope => Bible => Spirit
– Bohemia
Bohemianism
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LESSON XII
– Inquistion – against internal heresies/cults
Crusades – against external threats
– Papal States
Vatican City State
– Sacerdotalism
– “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul out of purgatory springs!”
– Printing press in the West – Johannes Gutenberg – 1450
– Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus
– Rotterdam
– Wittenburg
– Zurich
– Geneva
– Voluntarism
– Compare Augustine’s conversion and Luther’s religious experience
– The problem of defining the line between those who are saved/inside the church, and those who are unsaved/outside the church.
– Solas – sola scriptura, sola gracia, sola fidei, sola Christi
– Anti-Christ – the embodiment of evil
– Scholasticism
– Philip Melanchthon
– Neo-scholasticism
Neothomism
1879 – Aeterni patris (eternal father) – Refer in CS Articles
– From Roman Catholic to Protestant => from Church to Christianity => from Christianity as religion to Christ-spirituality.
From Pope to Bible to Church to Spirit
– Thomas Aquinas (1224-74)
Thomism
– Martin Bucer
– Basel
– Strasbourg
– Pastor – practical leadership of the local congregation.
Teacher/doctor – theologian – not fixed to one parish, works in seminary also.
Presbyters/elders – group of lay leaders who team up with the pastor for administration
Deacons – executive assistants to help carry out the work of pastor & presbyters (pastoral committee)
– Mass – dismissal (RC), divine service (Lutheran)
– Synaxis – eucharistic assembly
– Missal
– Basque
– Secular Clergy
Diocesan priest
– City of Trent
– Roman Catholic sacraments – Eucharist, baptism/christening, religious ordination, marriage, catechism/confirmation, confession/penance, anointing of the sick
Potestant – Eucharist, baptism, preaching
– First Vatican Council – 1869-70
– Loyola, Spain
– “Ecclesia reformata, semper reformanda” – “The Reformed Church, always reforming”; “The church is always to be reformed” – Karl Barth (1947)
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LESSON XIII
– Religious evolution => political development!
– Fiscal deficit
Public budget balance
Government debt
– Bastille
– Third estate
– Bourgeoisie
– Estates of the realm
Fourth Estate
– Nobility
Aristocracy
– Proletariat
– Land-owners
– Descriptivism
Rusellian theory of names
– Intensional semantics
– Formal/symbolic/mathematical logic
– Modulus – absolute value/information content
– Robert de Lamennais
– Jansenist vs. Jesuit
– Calvinism as an Augustinian heresy
– Papal Bull
– Cornelius Jansen
– “Unigenitus de filius” – “only begotten son of God”
– Francois-Marie Arouet – Voltaire (pen-name)
David Hume
Immanuel Kant
– Holy Roman Empire/Pope => nation-states/Protestant & episcopal churches
Decentralization!
– Gallicanism (France), Erastianism (Switzerland)
– Napolean Bonaparte => Napolean I
– Coup d’etat
– Notre Dame – cathedral in Paris
– Marianists – Society of Mary
Society of Sacred Heart
– Stigmata/stigmatic
– Catholicism, nationalism & communism
– Vesailles
– Otto von Bismarck
– Prussia
– 1917 October Revolution (Lenin – Soviet Union)
– Karl Marx (1818-83), Germany
– When the Church is too closely associated with the government, possesses enormous power (economic, cultural, moral, etc.) and majority of the people are its members……
– Friedrich Nietzsche – 1844-1900, Germany
– Sigmund Freud – 1856-1939, Austria
– Immanuel Kant – 1724-1804, Germany
– Ludwig Wittgenstein – 1889-1951, Austria/Britain
– 80 years war – 1568-1648
30 years war – 1618-1648
Peace of Westphalia – 1648
– German – Rhineland, Bavaria
– Catholicism (conservative)-Holy Roman Empire-monarchy-feudalism (anti-socialist)
Protestantism (progressive)-nation states-democracy-capitalism (pro-socialist)
– Czech – Moravia, Bohemia
– Masters of suspicion
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LESSON XIV
– Rerum Novarum – “New Things” – Revolution
– John Henry Newman (1801-90), Edward Pusey & Oxford/Tractarian Movement
– The Evangelical Awakenings
First (c. 1731–1755)
Second (c. 1790–1840)
Third (c. 1850–1900)
Fourth (c. 1960–1980)
– John Wesley (1703-91), England
Jonathan Edwards (1703-58), America
– New England
– Ritualists Vs. Revivalists
– Distinguish:
Beatification
&
Canonisation
– Branch theory of the Church
– Azusa street revival – 1900-03
– Calvinist & Arminian strands of the evangelical revivals
– Boxer Rebellion – 1898-1900. Chinese anti-Western imperialism & anti-Christian
– Cultural Revolution – 1966-76. Communism – Mao Zedong
– Qing Dynasty => Republic of China (1912-49) => Civil War => People’s Republic of China
– Shogun – any one of the military leaders who ruled Japan until the revolution of 1867–68
– Francis Xavier in Japan – 1549
– Kakure kirishitan – secret Christians in Japan
– Edo/Tokugawa shogunate – 1603-1868 – persecuted Christians & destroyed the church
– Matteo Ricci – Italian Jesuit priest (1552-1610)
– The European Colonial era was from the 16th century to the mid-20th century.
European colonies @ 1898
– “The Great Powers”
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LESSON XV
– Internet – mid 1980s
– Social media – Web 2.0
– Postcolonial Studies – academic discipline featuring methods of intellectual discourse that analyze, explain and respond to the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism, to the human consequences of controlling a country and establishing settlers for the economic exploitation of the native people and their land. Drawing from postmodern schools of thought, postcolonial studies analyse the politics of knowledge (creation, control, and distribution) by analyzing the functional relations of social and political power that sustain colonialism and neocolonialism—the how and the why of an imperial regime’s representations (social, political, cultural) of the imperial colonizer and of the colonized people.
– Contemporary History
– Globalization as neo-imperialism
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LESSON XVI
– Civil society – aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens.” Civil society includes the family and the private sphere, referred to as the “third sector” of society, distinct from government and business.
– Public square – civic centre – community gatherings
– NGOs & NPOs
– Harmony, solidarity & service
– Charismatic – supernatural answers to prayer
– Refer: “Intra-religious Dialogue” by Raimon Panikkar
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