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One of the earliest works of political philosophy was the Maxims of the Egyptian official and philosopher Ptah-Hotep as early as the 24th Century B.C. The Egyptian Hellenistic philosopher Plotinus of the 3rd Century B.C. is credited with founding ther Neoplatonist school of philosophy.

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(or Iranian Philosophy), due to a series of large-scale political and social changes such as the Arab and Mongol invasions of Persia, has initiated a wide spectrum of schools of thought. In general terms, these can be split between the Pre-Islamic Period and the Post-Islamic Period.

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This timeline of Western Philosophy is created as one long image to give an idea of the relative scale and the clusters of activity in philosophical thought. The names are clickable links. For more details on dates and historical eras and periods, see the section By Historical Period.

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This “map” of Western Philosophy (courtesy of SparkNotes) attempts to trace the influences and development of philosophical thought, from the Pre-Socratics through to the Modern era. Most of the names are clickable links.

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In its literary forms, Japanese philosophy began about fourteen centuries ago. Confucianism entered Japan from China around the 5th Century A.D., as did Buddhism. Neo-Confucianism became most prominent in Japan in the 16th Century.

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has been influenced by a number of religious and philosophical thought-systems over the years, including Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism: Native shamanism developed in Korea for millennia, although the traditional rites and shamanistic practices were later deeply influenced by Buddhis

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Chinese Philosophy refers to any of several schools of philosophical thought in the Chinese tradition, including Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Buddhism and Mohism (see below for brief introductions to these schools). It has a long history of several thousand years.

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Arabic Philosophy refers to philosophical thought in the Arab world that spans Persia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Iberia, although, as a particular centre of intellectual endeavour, Persian Philosophy is often treated separately.

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Jewish Philosophy refers to philosophical inquiry informed by the texts, traditions and experiences of Judaism (as opposed to just any philosophical writings which happened to be written by Jews).

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Babylonian Philosophy can be traced back to early Mesopotamian wisdom, which embodied certain philosophies of life, particularly ethics.

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